Young People Join Gangs For Social And Economic Reasons Essay

According to the authors of Gangs, Graffiti, and Violence, they state that young people join street gangs for social and economic reasons (Leet, 2000). However, one of the main factors young people join gangs is due to the lack of stability of being raised in an unstable family environment. For instance, gang members raised in a single parent home by their mother, usually in her early thirties, caring for three or four children at a time, on her own without the presence of a male father figure. As a result of being a single parent, the mother is forced to work long hours and at times more than one job just to make ends meet, which results in the children being left unattended without any adult supervision or the older sibling left babysitting his or her younger siblings. In addition to the lack of supervision the moment the child gets into trouble with law enforcement officers, the mother comes to her child’s rescue excusing his actions and behavior. This type of behavior and attitude from the mother encourages the problematic youth to persist in his reckless behavior because she refuses to punish him in his wrongdoings. Therefore, the child grows up playing the victim, blaming society for his downfalls and shortcomings instead of taking responsibility for his or her own actions (Leet, 2000, pp. 10). As stated in Changing Course: Keeping Kids out of Gangs, affirms that in 2010 45% of high school students and 35% of middle-schoolers were either in gangs or reflected onShow MoreRelatedre various reasons behind young people joining street gangs. One of the reasons young people800 Words   |  4 Pagesre various reasons behind young people joining street gangs. One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that â€Å"delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).† Social DisorganizationRead MoreWhy Young People Join Gangs819 Words   |  4 Pagesare various reasons behind young people joining street gangs. One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that â€Å"delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).† Social DisorganizationRead MoreSummary : Youth Gang And Violence1615 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 27, 2016 Analytic Essay Youth Gang and Violence Delinquent Behavior â€Å"Gang† â€Å"Youth Gang† and â€Å"Street Gang† are just labels used to describe young people consisting of three or more individuals organized to achieve a typical objective and who share a common identity. There is no single and universally accepted definition of gang, gang member and gang activities in the United States, however, the Federal Definition according to National InstituteRead MoreCauses Of Gangs1461 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the word â€Å"gangs† comes to mind, one can immediately picture a big, tall male figure often covered with tattoos, piercings, and maybe even a bald-headed guy. One might think that gangs only occur in areas like Los Angeles, Brooklyn, and areas illustrated in movies. Gangs are also becoming more glorified in the media. For example, while listening to a rap song on the radio, some sort of gang reference will come up. Gangs can often target the young and the vulnerable due to many reasons, such as peerRead MoreSo cial Influences Of Female Gang Membership1474 Words   |  6 PagesWithin the last decades, gangs have become one of the fastest growing issues in the United States. When most people define gangs, females are not part of the definition. Most government officials and researchers do not see females a contributor to the fasting growth of gangs in the United States when in fact, the number of females associated with gangs is constantly increasing. Female gang membership in the United States is estimated to be between 10 and 35 percent of the gang population, with someRead MoreHispanic Adolescent Youth Gangs Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pages Gangs have been a point of concern for states and societies around the world for centuries. Youth gangs are not exempt from that same categorization and have operated for the same amount of time worldwide. Over the last century however, a proliferation of youth gangs has been witnessed, especially among Hispanic youths immigrating into the United Sta tes. Researchers and scholars have offered multiple theories as to why youths, and Hispanics youths in particular integrate themselves into gang organizationsRead MoreJuvenile Gangs Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Project Andrew Rodriguez CJ150 Kaplan College Mr. Templeton August 30.2012 Juvenile gangs have become a serious and growing problem in many areas throughout the U.S. It is unlikely that gang control strategies can be successful as long as legitimate economic alternatives are lacking. I will be exploring the possible proactive solutions to this social problem. Juvenile gangs on the street and in prison â€Å"Violent crimes committed by juveniles are not diminishing, as other crimesRead MoreCanadian Gangs Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of a youth gang member. Partnered with the Montreal Police Service, Statistics Canada was able to generate the definition of a gang member: An organized group of adolescents and/or young adults who rely on group intimidation and violence, and commit criminal acts in order to gain power and recognition and/or control certain areas of unlawful activity [2] (Statistics Canada, 2008). Gangs have been around for many years; the founders of some of the original gangs in the United StatesRead MoreElizabeth Has A Population Of 129,007 People Living In1596 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth has a population of 129,007 people living in the city. It is the fourth largest community in New Jersey with twenty-six constituent neighborhoods. It is an extremely ethnically-diverse city with 64% of the population Hispanic, 17% Black, and 14% White. Elizabeth was once ranked number eleven in a list of dangerous cities in New Jersey (Uniform). While there are surveys and public polls on what cities in a state are the most dangerous, I did not want to rely on speculation and opinion. InsteadRead MoreA Report On Somali Gang Formation795 Words   |  4 PagesSomali Gang Formation Somalis began arriving in west in the early 1990s when the civil erupted in Somalia. Refugees fleeing civil war in their homeland did not find the life in the west the milk and honey as they thought it was. Due to language barrier and cultural shock, a widespread unemployment hit the Somali community more than any other races in the UK, Canada and United States. In addition to that unemployment, non-Somali gangs targeted the young Somalis who entered the school system with

Personhood Refereed As Self Awareness Theory - 872 Words

Personhood refereed as self-awareness theory was developed by a philosopher, DeGrazia, in his book of Great Apes. The theory explains two concepts that define who a human is. The first concept is intentional doing; if a person is able to do things internationally then he or she qualifies to be a human according to the theory. The founder of this theory states that this is the main reason why chimpanzees are not categorized as human beings (DeGrazia 38). Applying it in the book, Kathy was making her decisions intentionally. For example, she decided on become Tommy’s carer intentionally. She also worked as a care in her life out of her intentions. This shows that the author of the book presented all clones as humans. On the other hand, the theory defines human out of their self-awareness. The theory states that individuals can be referred as humans if they can explain their identity. Kathy narrates her story in the book in the first person where she begins by stating that I am Kathy, a thirteen year-old girl. This shows that she is aware of herself which suggest that she is a human. Generally, the book explains that clones are human beings and this issue is very important to the paper where its importance will be seen later in the paper. The main key theories that are applicable in the book Never let me go are moral theories. This is because of various reasons which will be covered in this section before applying the real theories. Clones in the book are just developed inShow MoreRelatedNever Let Me Go By Kazuo Ishiguro4270 Words   |  18 Pagesbe understood through application of different theories and that is why the paper will apply different types of theories in the book Never let me go. Some of the theories that will be applied in the paper are; moral theories, consequentialism, virtue ethics theory, right based theory, natural raw theory, Kantian moral theory and many other theories that are applicable in the book. Generally, the objective of the paper is to apply different theories in the book Never let me go in order to examine

Communication Release free essay sample

As we all know how important it is to use proper communication we also must ensure that the receivers of that message understand the information we are providing to them. Without checks and balances when conveying our thought process verbally or non-verbally it will ensure us our audience completely understands and not lead to confusion. As we will notice with the communication during the Chilean copper mine accident in South America. Knowing your audience proves to be even more significant when a company has to deal with the outcome resulting from a disaster. Understanding that families and workers need to me told in different manners is a key On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine in northern Chile collapsed trapping inside of it 33 miners (Weik, 2010). The mining company Minera San Esteban Primera, had to take on the very difficult task of informing families and workers within the company about this fatal accident. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Release or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The agents chosen by the company to handle these releases took great care in how straightforward and honest information was delivered in order to keep the company’s reputation intact. These miners were trapped some 300 meters underground they had limited oxygen supplies, little food, or water for such a catastrophe. Once news was leaked of the accident everyone glued themselves to their television from around the world to watch the story unfold not knowing whether or not these brave men would live to see the sun again. The fate of the miners was not immediately known it took 17 days before a drill reached their refuge, discovering them alive and well (Boston. com, 2010). After a total of 69 days, the first worker was lifted to the surface amid much fanfare worldwide. So now we ask ourselves how did the company which had a poor safety track record, perform such an outstanding job of damage control. It was imperative that they came right out and told the world about what happened. We must keep in mind that there was more than one type of audience to address. Keeping the family and workers well informed before the news media outlets took the story and ran with it before confirmed information was evaluated. In order to properly communication to the family members you have to take in mind their feelings, reactions, and state of mind as most were hysterical not know the fate of their loved ones. Providing them with grief counseling and faith were first and foremost a priority. Ensuring the families are notified ahead of the media keeping them updated on the hour by hour time sensitive information relived a lot of the emotion stress most were suffering, using tact and compassion alleviated much of this tension. The familys needs by the company became a priority as situations like these leave everyone without preparation. The workers were kept informed in a different manner due to knowing the risks involved performing their duties. They were kept busy working the rest of the mine area, put on rescue worker shifts, and consoled the families of their trapped comrades. The Chilean mine disaster was one of the most captivating stories of the year. This was due to the fact mining and government officials worked quickly and effectively in providing necessary supplies to the trapped miners. A plan of actions was enacted and implemented as different scenarios arose. They had a terrific line of open communication between, the miners, families, employees of the company and media at large. Communications between each party was constant and clear to the miners, families, and employees. We must also not forget how involved the government was as they were highly concerned for the trapped miners and had the world looking at them with scrutiny. They work meticulously to provide the tools necessary to free the miners and support the health and safety of those brave men while they were waiting to be rescued. Similar incidents throughout the history of mining does not paint a encouraging picture in providing a moral boost that most of the time miners would be rescued alive. The numbers were definitely not in their favor. However, it was visible the way messages were put across that those involved were not willing to yield to the statistics. They continued to remain upbeat and positive; reassuring all parties involved they were going to do all in their power to bring back all those men as all eyes were watching when worldwide. Brining in outside help and not being afraid to ask for it was indeed something out of the ordinary, using new technology proved that with spirit and endurance even the impossible can now be ascertained and many other incidents like this can be accomplished. So in order to communicate effectively, regardless of the audience, we must assess who we’re speaking to and what they need to know. How empathize with them will determine the best tone in which to deliver our message. Once the message is delivered it is important we examine the responses of the audience and feasibly return with a follow-up message. Recapping the original message to safeguard no lost in interpretation.

The hostages situation

Judging from the information provided, the hostage taker falls into the category of a mentally disturbed individual (Miller, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The hostage’s situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 42-year-old male hostage taker appears to be psychotic, delusional and mentally unstable considering the demands he places in order to free his captive who happens to be a member of his family and friend. In addition, it is possible that the hostage taker has an explosive personality since his victims are closely related to him. Judging from the hostage’s situation, my role would be to directly engage the hostage taker in negotiations in order to harness the situation and conduct psychological profiling of the victims and the host taker (Fernald, 2008). The hostage’s situation is usually very delicate and critical during three key periods. The initial period of the negoti ation which ranges between 15 to 45 minutes is usually characterized by tension. They are also delicate because during the surrender of the hostage taker, ambivalence and strong emotional responses are highly likely from the hostage taker. Tactical rescue operations by members of the rescue team may pose the greatest danger since the possibility of the hostages being harmed in the process is high. In the very first minutes, my main role would primarily be to establish the demands of the hostage taker and determine his mental state, the current situation of the hostages and more importantly, to calm down the situation (Fernald, 2008). Calmness and professionalism are vital at this stage since they can make or break the negotiation process. After 30 minutes, the situation will be assessed and appraised to determine the criticality of the dangers involved especially to the hostages.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If nothing threatening is observed within this period, it is mostly likely that the danger involved will be minimal. If the hostage taker proceeds to endanger the life of any of the victims after the period of heightened tension has subsided, this will mean that the negotiation process will be failing and speedy action will need to be taken to avert more casualties (Green Groff, 2003). Under such circumstances, the only option likely to be taken is a tactical assault rescue by trained and well equipped members of the crisis response teams. Such an operation should be carried out with absolute precision if a life threatening situation is to be avoided (Vecchi, Hasselt Romano, 2005). During the first 45 minutes, I will establish myself as the contact person for the kidnapper with the outside world and skillfully draw his attention away from the victims thereby giving them time to calm themselves down. The focus will not be to address the demands of the h ostage taker but to wear down his mental aggression through calm and persuasive dialogue. After an hour has passed and not ugly incidents have been witnessed, it will be important to switch positions with a female negotiator. This will be a tactical move aimed at solidifying the gains made so far in the negotiation process and will create an assurance to the hostage taker by introducing the soft and nurturing voice of a woman. This will further calm down the host taker. It is important to note that every effort should be made to ensure that the line of communication between the hostage taker and the negotiators should be open at all times. The team should ensure that contact with the hostage taker is not lost. After one and half hours with no major incidences, it would then be important to profile the mental status of the hostage taker. This must be done with a lot of caution to ensure that there is not much probing of the hostage taker.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The hostage’s situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The mental profiling will seek to establish whether there are any symptoms of delusion and whether there is any response to non-existent stimulus. A thorough examination of the communication between the negotiator and the hostage taker would be important and this would also help in identifying anything that could be acting as a barrier to the negotiation process. For example, if the hostage taker continues to emphasize the need for being exempted from prosecution, he would then sink into a crisis and the best course of action would be to apply empathy and actively listen and encourage the hostage taker to communicate in order to bring him to a point of rationalization (Miller, 2005). The point here is to employ distraction as a technique to move the hostage taker from focusing on his demands and direct him towards a self examination of his actions by persuading him to assess the nature of his actions. With calm and persistent probing, the hostage taker will soon start to be rational and begin seeing the absurd nature of his actions and this will then open an avenue for the negotiator to persuade the hostage taker to consider a more sensible and peaceful way of resolving the matter. In the current scenario, the use of basic needs as bargaining chips is not probable since the incident of hostage has occurred in the home of the host taker and therefore, the only other need the host taker seems to have is secondary. On the other hand, if the basic needs are unavailable, the host taker will essentially begin to demand for the same to be brought to him. If so, there could be the possibility that some or one of the hostages will be released. However, the central focus should remain on the hostage taker. The whole essence is to make sure that the hostage taker feels he is the all important person and that the negotiator does not care about the hos tages.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If food would not be availed in the house, most likely the hostage taker would start making demands for the same after three hours. This is a period for the negotiator to maximize in trying to secure the release of some hostages. From this point on, fatigue would begin to set in on both the hostage taker and the hostages due to a prolonged period of heightened emotions. The negotiator would have an advantage since he would switch positions but the hostage taker would have no option but to remain alert during the whole period of negotiations. This would be a very important phase for the negotiator to continue probing and distracting the hostage taker (Miller, 2005). Due to heightened emotional stress, it would most likely be that the hostage taker would be completely fatigued and would be seeking for an opportunity to get some sleep. This would be highly possible after five hours of actively engaging the hostage taker. Complete exhaustion of the hostage taker would be appropriate sin ce at such moments; the hostage taker would start to lose concentration and control of his immediate surrounding and could easily give in to the requests of the negotiator. The sixth hour would mark the point of climax of the negotiation period and there would only be two possible outcomes in this case scenario. The first would be for the hostage taker to surrender and face prosecution or the members of the rescue team to stage a precision assault to rescue the hostages and arrest the hostage taker. The second option could lead to death or injuries and therefore, should come as a last resort. The negotiators should fully take advantage of the physical and mental fatigue of the hostage taker to persuade him to surrender and therefore avoid an unnecessary forced rescue attempt. The sixth hour would provide the best possible time to act and avert the hostage’s crisis from getting out of control. One of the precautions that the rescue team would take would be to ensure that the m edia is restrained from airing the hostage’s crisis while the operation is still on. This can have devastating effects on the process of negotiation. In the course of the incident, it is possible that the hostage taker can have access to a television and therefore can easily be enraged or act out of panic. Secondly, the negotiation team would ensure that the hostage taker has no other external contact apart from the team itself. This would make sure that other distractions do not divert focus from the rescue efforts of the negotiators. Information regarding the hostage taker can be gathered from neighbors, other family members, workmates and other social places where the hostage taker has been known to frequent. The purpose for collecting this information is to aid the negotiator in analyzing and understanding the personality, character and behavior of the hostage taker which will be important during the negotiation process. It is important to note that less than 95% of all h ostage incidences are successfully solved through negotiation and yield less life threatening dangers than forced rescue missions. Conclusion The role played by police psychologists in hostage negotiation teams is vital since they bring a level of experience which other police officers may not have acquired during their professional training. The approaches of police psychologists in rescuing hostages that are kidnapped are better and much more specialized in nature than the approaches used by ordinary police officers. Every police department should explore the possibilities of recruiting police officers that will purposely be trained to meet the challenge that hostage takers pose to the security of innocent people. Even before cases of kidnap occur, police psychologists can actively be involved in training members of the police department on how to respond to such sensitive and delicate operations. These kinds of training programs would equip the police officers with valuable knowl edge and skills on how to handle agitated offenders especially in dangerous operations such as a hostage crisis. The police psychologist is also actively involved in assessing the outcomes of such a crisis long after they have been concluded in order to deduce valuable lessons for the police department and offer advice on corrective measures that should be taken in future engagements. The important role played by a police psychologist will continue to grow as more complex crimes continue to take shape in society. References Fernald, L.D. (2008). Psychology: Six perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Green, C.D. Groff, P.R. (2003). Early psychological thought: Ancient accounts of mind and soul. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Press. Miller, L. (2005). Hostage Negotiation: Psychological Principles and Practices: International Journal of Emergency Mental Health.USA: John Wiley Sons. Vecchi, G., Hasselt, V., Romano, S. (2005). Crisis (hostage) negotiation: current strategi es and issues in high-risk conflict resolution: Aggression and Violent Behavior. Oxford: Oxon Press. 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